ПОЛИТИКАТА НА ФОЛКЛОРОТ, НАЧИНОТ НА НЕГОВОТО СОБИРАЊЕ: ФОЛКЛОРОТ ПОВРЗАН СО РОМСКОТО НАСЕЛЕНИЕ ВО ФИНСКА ВО РАНИОТ 20 ВЕК
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Abstract
Романтичкиот национализам од 19 век ја сфаќаше нацијата како еден ентитет, чиишто членови споделуваат заеднички јазик, фолклор, обичаи и традиции. Оваа перцепција на национализмот инспирира собирање фолклор, кој беше третиран како културно наследство на едно општество. Фолклорот беше собиран и интерпретиран заради градење еден голем наратив за минатото, којшто беше исклучив, а понекогаш зол и расистички. Овој текст ги истражува социјалните граници помеѓу руралните селани и Ромите во Финска во раниот 20 век. Користејќи ги народните приказни раскажани во врска со Ромите од финските селани, статијата истражува како ваквите елементи на секојдневната комуникација ги содржат идеите за социјална хиерархија помеѓу граѓаните и, истовремено, начинот на кој тие биле користени како политички алатки. Бидејќи политиката на собирањето фолклорбила насочена само кон мнозинските групи, односно кон белите селани и кон малите земјопоседеници, нивните гледишта биле сметани за најважни и највредни. Ромите биле маргинализирани во однос на руралните заедници, но исто така исклучени од идејата за националната припадност, а тоа било правено преку раскажување приказни во кои тие биле исмевани, па дури и остро понижувани.
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СтаркЕjа. 2018. “ПОЛИТИКАТА НА ФОЛКЛОРОТ, НАЧИНОТ НА НЕГОВОТО СОБИРАЊЕ: ФОЛКЛОРОТ ПОВРЗАН СО РОМСКОТО НАСЕЛЕНИЕ ВО ФИНСКА ВО РАНИОТ 20 ВЕК”. EthnoAnthropoZoom/ЕтноАнтропоЗум 15 (15), 150-76. https://doi.org/10.37620/EAZ16150150s.
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Bendix, Regina. In Search of Authenticity. The Formation of Folklore Studies. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1997.
Blomster, Risto, Kati Mikkola. Inclusion and Exclusion of Roma in the Category of Finnish Folklore: The Collections of the Finnish Literature Society from the 1800s to the 2000s. Journal of Finnish Studies 18 no. 1, (2014): 11–45.
Burke, Peter. A History of Knowledge: From Gutenberg to Diderot. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000.
Davies, Christie. Ethnic Humor around the World: A Comparative Analysis. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990.
Dundes, Alan. Interpreting Folklore. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980.
Ferris, William R. Jr. Racial Stereotypes in White Folklore. Keystone Folklore Quarterly 15 no:s 2–4 (1970): 188–198.
Grönfors, Martti. Suomen mustalaiskansa [Finland’s gypsy people]. Porvoo: WSOY, 1981.
Grönfors, Martti. Social control and law in the Finnish gypsy community: Blood feuding as a system of justice. Journal of Legal Pluralism 24 (1986), 101–125.
Grönfors, Martti. Institutional Non-marriage in the Finnish Roma Community and Its Relationship to Rom Traditional Law. Во: Gypsy Law. Romani Legal Traditions
and Culture, edited by Walter O. Weyrauch, 149–169. Berkeley – Los Angeles – London: University of California Press, 2001.
Harvilahti, Lauri. Finland. Во: A Companion to Folklore, edited by Regina F. Bendix and Galit Hasan-Rokem, 391–408. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.
Lamont, Michèle. The Dignity of Working Men: Morality and the Boundaries of Race, Class, and Immigration. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000.
Martins, Pedro. Ethnic Humour: What do Portuguese people laugh at? Folklore. Electronic Journal of Folklore 50 (2012), 87–98.
Nordberg, Camilla. Claiming Citizenship: Marginalised Voices on Identity and Belonging. Citizenship Studies vol. 10 (2006), 523–539.
Olsson, Pia, Eija Stark. Making Cultural Heritage in Finland: The Production of and Challenge to Tradition. Journal of Finnish Studies 18 no 1. (2014), 3–10.
Oring, Elliott. Ethnic Groups and Ethnic Folklore. Во: Folk Groups and Folklore Genres: An Introduction, edited by Elliott Oring. Logan Utah: Utah State University Press, 1986.
Pulma, Panu. Suljetut ovet. Pohjoismainen romanipolitiikka 1500-luvulta EU-aikaan [The Nordic Romani Policy from 1500s until the EU]. Helsinki: SKS, 2006.
Roman, Raluca Bianca. Religion and transnational Roma mobilization: From local religious participation to transnational social activism in the case of the Finnish
Roma. Во: Is God back? Reconsidering the new visibility of religion, edited by Titus Hjelm, 205–216. London, New Delhi, New York, Sydney: Bloomsbury, 2015.
Röhrich, Lutz. Folktales and Reality. Translated by Peter Tokofsky. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, [1979] 1991.
Skeggs, Beverley. Class, Self, Culture. London: Routledge, 2004.
Stark, Eija. An Honorable Man: Finnish Proverbs on Male Gender. Во: Scala Naturae. Festschrift in honour of Arvo Krikmann, edited by Anneli Baran and Liisi Laineste and Piret Voolaid, 71–85. Tartu. ELM Scholarly Press, 2014.
Stark, Eija. Proverbs as Historical Media and Message. Во: 8th Interdisciplinary Colloquium on Proverbs, edited by Outi Lauhakangas and Rui J. B. Soares, 347–
356. Tavira: AIP – IAP, 2015.
Thurfjell, David. Faith and Revivalism in a Nordic Romani Community: Pentecostalism Amongst the Kaale Roma of Sweden and Finland. London, New York: I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd, 2013.
Verdery, Katherine. Ethnicity, nationalism, and state-making. Ethnic groups boundaries: past and future. Во: The Anthropology of Ethnicity. Beyond “Ethnic Groups and Boundaries”, edited by Hans Vermeulen, 33−58. Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis, 1994.