ГЕЗИ ПАРК КАКО ВИД НА СПОНТАН РАЗВОЈ: ПРЕОСМИСЛУВАЊЕ НА ЈАВЕН ПРОСТОР ВО ТУРЦИЈА
Article Sidebar
Published
Dec 22, 2022
Main Article Content
Abstract
Тематиката на овој текст е движењето „гези парк“, кое се случи во летото 2013 г. во Турција. Започнувајќи во форма на мирни протести со цел да се прекине уривањето на Гези парк за потребите на проектот за претворање на Таксим во пешачка зона, набргу движењето стана едно од најголемите социјални движења во турската историја. Жители од сите возрасти, класи и општествени групи се соединија за поддршка откако владините обиди да се задуши протестот со употреба на брутална полициска сила предизвикаа многубројни критики. Покрај тоа што движењето не доведе до драстична политичка промена, сепак остави трага врз турската јавност, особено поради огромната солидарност и општествена кохезија од страна на учесниците. Според тоа, може да се каже дека движењето гези парк претставува еден вид „спонтан развој“, неформален процес низ кој жителите на Турција ја преосмислија турската јавност и можностите за форми на живот во државата. Од огромна важност во овој процес е долгорочната поделба во турската јавност помеѓу секуларните, кемалистичките „модернисти“ и исламските, наречени уште и ердогански „конзервативци“. Може да се каже дека во контекст на репресивната и стишувачка држава, како во минатото така и во сегашноста, жителите на Турција создадоа заедница Гези како директна опозиција, во која општествените хиерархии беа тргнати, а слободата на изразување беше издигната како една од највисоките вредности. Неформалниот начин на организација и одржување на општествената стабилност може да се гледа низ призмата на „неформален развој“, кој директно влијае врз замислите и дејствијата на луѓето, како и на потенцијален извор на знаење за развојот како дел од формалниот сектор. Во оваа смисла, може да се употреби пристапот „развој како слобода“ на Амартија Сен за да се објасни како слободата на изразување имаше клучна улога во конструкциите на овие замисли. На крајот, етнографските истражувања и антрополошките студии можат да бидат корисни во применувањето на знаења од неформалниот сектор во формални развојни стратегии.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Article Details
How to Cite
Старова Тахир, Еда. 2022. “ГЕЗИ ПАРК КАКО ВИД НА СПОНТАН РАЗВОЈ: ПРЕОСМИСЛУВАЊЕ НА ЈАВЕН ПРОСТОР ВО ТУРЦИЈА”. EthnoAnthropoZoom/ЕтноАнтропоЗум 22 (December), 10-48. https://doi.org/10.37620/EAZ2222010st.
Issue
Section
Articles / Статии
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Известување за авторски права
Авторите ги задржуваат авторските права и го даваат правото на првото објавување на списанието кое истовремено е лиценцирано Creative Commons Attribution License што на другите им овозможува да го споделат делото со потврда за авторството на делото и првичното објавување во ова списание.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Abbas, Tahir. 2013. „Political Culture and National Identity in Conceptualising the Gezi Park Movement“. Insight Turkey, vol. 15, no. 4, 19–27.
Abbas, Tahir, Yigit, Ismail Hakki. 2014. „Scenes from Gezi Park: Localisation, Nationalism and Globalisation in Turkey“. City: analysis of urban trends, culture, theory, policy, action, vol. 19, issue 1, 61–76.
Andersen, Benedict. 1983. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
Aran, Meltam A. 2013. How Turkey’s AK Party lost the median voter: A Social and Distributional Analysis of AKP policies under Erdoğan. Development Analytics Discussion Note No. 1301.
Arendt, Hannah. 2004. „From On Violence“. Во: Bourgois P., Scheper-Hughes, N. (ур.). Violence in war and peace. Malden: Blackwell.
Bakıner, Onur. 2014. „Can the ’Spirit of Gezi‘ Transform Progressive Politics in Turkey?“. Во: Özkırımlı, U. (ур.). The Making of a Protest Movement in Turkey: #occupygezi. Palgrave Macmillan.
Baran, Zeyno. 2010. Torn country: Turkey between secularism and Islamism. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University.
Butler, Judith. 2014. „Foreword“. Во: Özkırımlı, U. (ур.). The Making of a Protest Movement in Turkey: #occupygezi. Palgrave Macmillan.
Batuman, Elif. 2013. „The view from the stands: life among Istanbul’s soccer fanatics“. Soccer & Society vol. 13, no. 5–6, 687–700.
Clifford, James. 1988. The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-Century Ethnography, Literature, and Art. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Diken, Bülent. 2014. „The emancipated city: notes on Gezi Revolts“. Journal for Cultural Research, vol. 18, no. 4, 315–328.
Easterly, William. 2014. The Tyranny of Experts. New York: Basic Books.
Engle Merry, Sally. 2003. „Human Rights Law and the Demonization of Culture (And Anthropology Along the Way)“. Political and Legal Anthropology Review vol. 26, issue 1, 55–76.
Erhart, Itir. 2013. „Biopolitics and the Gezi Protests“. International Conference on the Modern Development of Humanities and Social Science, 301–303.
Erhart, Itir. 2014. „United in Protest: From ’Living and Dying with Our Colours‘ to ’Let All the Colours of the World Unite‘“. History of Sport vol. 31, issue 14, 1724–1738.
Escobar, Arturo. 1995. Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Farro, Antimo L., Demirhisar, Deniz Günce. 2014. „The Gezi Park movement: a Turkish experience of the twenty-first-century collective movements“. International Review of Sociology, vol. 24, issue 1, 176–189.
Ferguson, James, Gupta, Akhil. „Spatializing States: Toward and Ethnography of Neoliberal Governmentality“. Во: Inda, J. (ур.). Anthropologies of Modernity: Foucault, Governmentality, and Life Politics. Malden: Blackwell.
Fukuyama, Francis. 2002. „Social Capital and Development: The Coming Agenda“. SAIS Review of International Affairs vol. 22, no. 1, 23–37.
Gambetti, Zeynep. 2014. „Occupy Gezi as Politics of the Body“.Özkırımlı, U. (ур.). The Making of a Protest Movement in Turkey: #occupygezi. Palgrave Macmillan.
Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The interpretation of cultures: selected essays. New York: Basic Books.
Geertz, Clifford. 1983. Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. New York: Basic Books.
Germen, Murat. 2015. „Istanbul Gezi Park Resistance Movement as Public Engagement in the Making of Place“. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences vol. 184, 13–21.
Gough, Ian. 2004. „Welfare regimes in development contexts: a global and regional analysis“. Во: Insecurity and Welfare Regimes in Asia, Africa and Latin America: Social Policy in Development Contexts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Guha-Khasnobis, Basudeb, Kanbur, Ravi, Ostrom, Elinor. 2006. „Beyond formality and informality“. Во: Guha-Khasnobis, B., Kanbur, R., Ostrom, E. (ур.). Linking the Formal and Informal Economy: Concepts and Policies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hart, Keith. 2006. „Between Bureaucracy and the People: A Political History of Informality“. Во: Guha-Khasnobis, B., Kanbur, R., Ostrom, E. (ур.). Linking the Formal and Informal Economy: Concepts and Policies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hayek, Friedrich A. 1945. „The Use of Knowledge in Society“. The American Economic Review, vol. 35, no. 4, 519–530.
Historical Atlas of Gezi Park, 2013. PostVirtual. https://postvirtual.wordpress.com/2013/06/27/historical-atlas-of-gezi-park, пристапено на: 22.8.2015.
Human Rights Watch 2015. „World Report 2015: Turkey“, https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2015/country-chapters/turkey, пристапено на: 22.8.2015).
Keesing, Roger M. 1987. „Anthropology as an Interpretive Quest (and Comments and Reply)“. Current Anthropology vol. 28, no. 2, 161–176.
Kuper, Adam. 1996. Anthropology and Anthropologists: The Modern British School, 3rd ed. London: Routledge.
Leach, Edmund. 2006. „Introduction to Political Systems of Highland Burma“. Во: Moore, H. L., Sanders, T. (ур.). Anthropology in Theory, Issues in Epistemology. Oxford: Blackwell.
Marglin, Frédérique Apffel, Marglin, Stephen A. 1990. Dominating Knowledge: Development, Culture, and Resistance. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Midgley, James, Tang, Kwong-leung. 2001. „Introduction: social policy, economic growth and developmental welfare“. International Journal of Social Welfare, vol. 10, issue 4, 244–252.
Menkhaus, Ken. 2007. „Governance without Government in Somalia Spoilers, State Building, and the Politics of Coping“. International Security vol. 31, no. 3, 74–106.
Navaro-Yashin, Yael. 2002. Faces of the State: Secularism and Public Life in Turkey. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Örs, Ilay Romain. 2014. „Genie in the bottle: Gezi Park, Taksim Square, and the realignment of democracy and space in Turkey“. Philosophy and Social Criticism.
Öztürkmen, Arzu. 2014. „The Park, the Penguin, and the Gas: Performance in Progress in Gezi Park“. TDR: The Drama Review vol. 58, no. 3, 39–68.
Rodrik, Dani. 2007. One Economics, Many Recipes: Globalization, Institutions, and Economic growth. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Sawyer, Amos. 2006. „Social Capital, Survival Strategies, and Their Potential for Post-Conflict Governance in Liberia“. Во: Guha-Khasnobis, B., Kanbur, R., Ostrom, E. (ур.). Linking the Formal and Informal Economy: Concepts and Policies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sen, Amartya. 1999. Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sharma, Aradhana, Gupta, Akhil. 2006. „Introduction: Rethinking Theories of the State in an Age of Globalization“. Во: Sharma, A., Gupta, A. (ур.). The Anthropology of the State: a Reader. Blackwell Pub.
Sindzingre, Alice. 2006. „The Relevance of the Concepts of Formality and Informality: A Theoretical Appraisal“. Во: Guha-Khasnobis, B., Kanbur, R., Ostrom, E. (ур.). Linking the Formal and Informal Economy: Concepts and Policies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ul Haq, M. 1995. Reflections on Human Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Varnali, K., Gorgulu, V. 2015. „A social influence perspective on expressive political participation in Twitter: the case of #OccupyGezi“. Information, Communication & Society, vol. 18, no. 1.
Walton, Jeremy F. 2013. „Confessional pluralism and the civil society effect: Liberal mediations of Islam and secularism in contemporary Turkey“. American Ethnologist vol. 40, issue 1, 182–200.
Weber, Max. 2006. „Bureaucracy“. Во: Sharma, A., Gupta, A. (ур.). The Anthropology of the State: a Reader. Blackwell Pub.
Worldbank.org, 2015. Turkey Overview, http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/turkey/overview, пристапено на: 22.8.2015.
Wright Mills, Charles, Gerth, Hans H. 1991. From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. Routledge: London.
Yıldırım, Umut. 2013. „Editorial – An Uprising on the Verge of Comparison“. Fieldsights – Hot Spots, Cultural Anthropology Online, http://www.culanth.org/fieldsights/410-editorial-an-uprising-on-the-verge-of-comparison, пристапено на: 7.8.2015.
Zengin, Aslı. 2013. „What is Queer about Gezi?“. Fieldsights – Hot Spots, Cultural Anthropology Online, http://production.culanth.org/fieldsights/407-what-is-queer-about-gezi, пристапено на: 11.8.2015.
Abbas, Tahir, Yigit, Ismail Hakki. 2014. „Scenes from Gezi Park: Localisation, Nationalism and Globalisation in Turkey“. City: analysis of urban trends, culture, theory, policy, action, vol. 19, issue 1, 61–76.
Andersen, Benedict. 1983. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
Aran, Meltam A. 2013. How Turkey’s AK Party lost the median voter: A Social and Distributional Analysis of AKP policies under Erdoğan. Development Analytics Discussion Note No. 1301.
Arendt, Hannah. 2004. „From On Violence“. Во: Bourgois P., Scheper-Hughes, N. (ур.). Violence in war and peace. Malden: Blackwell.
Bakıner, Onur. 2014. „Can the ’Spirit of Gezi‘ Transform Progressive Politics in Turkey?“. Во: Özkırımlı, U. (ур.). The Making of a Protest Movement in Turkey: #occupygezi. Palgrave Macmillan.
Baran, Zeyno. 2010. Torn country: Turkey between secularism and Islamism. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University.
Butler, Judith. 2014. „Foreword“. Во: Özkırımlı, U. (ур.). The Making of a Protest Movement in Turkey: #occupygezi. Palgrave Macmillan.
Batuman, Elif. 2013. „The view from the stands: life among Istanbul’s soccer fanatics“. Soccer & Society vol. 13, no. 5–6, 687–700.
Clifford, James. 1988. The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-Century Ethnography, Literature, and Art. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Diken, Bülent. 2014. „The emancipated city: notes on Gezi Revolts“. Journal for Cultural Research, vol. 18, no. 4, 315–328.
Easterly, William. 2014. The Tyranny of Experts. New York: Basic Books.
Engle Merry, Sally. 2003. „Human Rights Law and the Demonization of Culture (And Anthropology Along the Way)“. Political and Legal Anthropology Review vol. 26, issue 1, 55–76.
Erhart, Itir. 2013. „Biopolitics and the Gezi Protests“. International Conference on the Modern Development of Humanities and Social Science, 301–303.
Erhart, Itir. 2014. „United in Protest: From ’Living and Dying with Our Colours‘ to ’Let All the Colours of the World Unite‘“. History of Sport vol. 31, issue 14, 1724–1738.
Escobar, Arturo. 1995. Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Farro, Antimo L., Demirhisar, Deniz Günce. 2014. „The Gezi Park movement: a Turkish experience of the twenty-first-century collective movements“. International Review of Sociology, vol. 24, issue 1, 176–189.
Ferguson, James, Gupta, Akhil. „Spatializing States: Toward and Ethnography of Neoliberal Governmentality“. Во: Inda, J. (ур.). Anthropologies of Modernity: Foucault, Governmentality, and Life Politics. Malden: Blackwell.
Fukuyama, Francis. 2002. „Social Capital and Development: The Coming Agenda“. SAIS Review of International Affairs vol. 22, no. 1, 23–37.
Gambetti, Zeynep. 2014. „Occupy Gezi as Politics of the Body“.Özkırımlı, U. (ур.). The Making of a Protest Movement in Turkey: #occupygezi. Palgrave Macmillan.
Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The interpretation of cultures: selected essays. New York: Basic Books.
Geertz, Clifford. 1983. Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. New York: Basic Books.
Germen, Murat. 2015. „Istanbul Gezi Park Resistance Movement as Public Engagement in the Making of Place“. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences vol. 184, 13–21.
Gough, Ian. 2004. „Welfare regimes in development contexts: a global and regional analysis“. Во: Insecurity and Welfare Regimes in Asia, Africa and Latin America: Social Policy in Development Contexts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Guha-Khasnobis, Basudeb, Kanbur, Ravi, Ostrom, Elinor. 2006. „Beyond formality and informality“. Во: Guha-Khasnobis, B., Kanbur, R., Ostrom, E. (ур.). Linking the Formal and Informal Economy: Concepts and Policies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hart, Keith. 2006. „Between Bureaucracy and the People: A Political History of Informality“. Во: Guha-Khasnobis, B., Kanbur, R., Ostrom, E. (ур.). Linking the Formal and Informal Economy: Concepts and Policies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hayek, Friedrich A. 1945. „The Use of Knowledge in Society“. The American Economic Review, vol. 35, no. 4, 519–530.
Historical Atlas of Gezi Park, 2013. PostVirtual. https://postvirtual.wordpress.com/2013/06/27/historical-atlas-of-gezi-park, пристапено на: 22.8.2015.
Human Rights Watch 2015. „World Report 2015: Turkey“, https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2015/country-chapters/turkey, пристапено на: 22.8.2015).
Keesing, Roger M. 1987. „Anthropology as an Interpretive Quest (and Comments and Reply)“. Current Anthropology vol. 28, no. 2, 161–176.
Kuper, Adam. 1996. Anthropology and Anthropologists: The Modern British School, 3rd ed. London: Routledge.
Leach, Edmund. 2006. „Introduction to Political Systems of Highland Burma“. Во: Moore, H. L., Sanders, T. (ур.). Anthropology in Theory, Issues in Epistemology. Oxford: Blackwell.
Marglin, Frédérique Apffel, Marglin, Stephen A. 1990. Dominating Knowledge: Development, Culture, and Resistance. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Midgley, James, Tang, Kwong-leung. 2001. „Introduction: social policy, economic growth and developmental welfare“. International Journal of Social Welfare, vol. 10, issue 4, 244–252.
Menkhaus, Ken. 2007. „Governance without Government in Somalia Spoilers, State Building, and the Politics of Coping“. International Security vol. 31, no. 3, 74–106.
Navaro-Yashin, Yael. 2002. Faces of the State: Secularism and Public Life in Turkey. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Örs, Ilay Romain. 2014. „Genie in the bottle: Gezi Park, Taksim Square, and the realignment of democracy and space in Turkey“. Philosophy and Social Criticism.
Öztürkmen, Arzu. 2014. „The Park, the Penguin, and the Gas: Performance in Progress in Gezi Park“. TDR: The Drama Review vol. 58, no. 3, 39–68.
Rodrik, Dani. 2007. One Economics, Many Recipes: Globalization, Institutions, and Economic growth. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Sawyer, Amos. 2006. „Social Capital, Survival Strategies, and Their Potential for Post-Conflict Governance in Liberia“. Во: Guha-Khasnobis, B., Kanbur, R., Ostrom, E. (ур.). Linking the Formal and Informal Economy: Concepts and Policies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sen, Amartya. 1999. Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sharma, Aradhana, Gupta, Akhil. 2006. „Introduction: Rethinking Theories of the State in an Age of Globalization“. Во: Sharma, A., Gupta, A. (ур.). The Anthropology of the State: a Reader. Blackwell Pub.
Sindzingre, Alice. 2006. „The Relevance of the Concepts of Formality and Informality: A Theoretical Appraisal“. Во: Guha-Khasnobis, B., Kanbur, R., Ostrom, E. (ур.). Linking the Formal and Informal Economy: Concepts and Policies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ul Haq, M. 1995. Reflections on Human Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Varnali, K., Gorgulu, V. 2015. „A social influence perspective on expressive political participation in Twitter: the case of #OccupyGezi“. Information, Communication & Society, vol. 18, no. 1.
Walton, Jeremy F. 2013. „Confessional pluralism and the civil society effect: Liberal mediations of Islam and secularism in contemporary Turkey“. American Ethnologist vol. 40, issue 1, 182–200.
Weber, Max. 2006. „Bureaucracy“. Во: Sharma, A., Gupta, A. (ур.). The Anthropology of the State: a Reader. Blackwell Pub.
Worldbank.org, 2015. Turkey Overview, http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/turkey/overview, пристапено на: 22.8.2015.
Wright Mills, Charles, Gerth, Hans H. 1991. From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. Routledge: London.
Yıldırım, Umut. 2013. „Editorial – An Uprising on the Verge of Comparison“. Fieldsights – Hot Spots, Cultural Anthropology Online, http://www.culanth.org/fieldsights/410-editorial-an-uprising-on-the-verge-of-comparison, пристапено на: 7.8.2015.
Zengin, Aslı. 2013. „What is Queer about Gezi?“. Fieldsights – Hot Spots, Cultural Anthropology Online, http://production.culanth.org/fieldsights/407-what-is-queer-about-gezi, пристапено на: 11.8.2015.