THE АТТITUDE OF THE MACEDONIAN ACADEMIC COMMUNITY TOWARDS THE “TORBESHI”: METHOD OF SOLIDARITY OR SCIENTIFIC SUBJECTIVITY?
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Dec 20, 2024
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The title is inspired by the article of Lisa M. Tillman Healy, "Friendship as Method" (Tillmann-Healy, 2003), in which she advocates the ethics of friendship in her research. This method is appropriate, especially when dealing with sensitive and intimate research topics, and is based on the principles of interpretivism, feminist research, queer methodologies, activist research, etc., which oppose the myth of value-neutral research (Harding 1991, according to Tillmann-Healy, 2003: 733), the myth of universal truths and other positivistic principles.
In Macedonian society, ethnicity has long been a sensitive and tense topic. The young multi-ethnic society is still very much obsessed with ethnicity in many ways. Here, we will focus on the principles of contestation and defense of ethnic identity, which are still considered critical professional commitments of many Macedonia social sciences and humanities researchers. While different ethnic communities have experienced denials and contestations of their distinctiveness, we promote solidarity as a method instead of passionate expressions of researchers in their scientific argumentation for determining the "true ethnicity" of communities whose members disagree with popular scientific theses about how they should feel. We will illustrate this problem by analyzing the attitude of the Macedonian academic community and the general public towards the Torbeshi.
In Macedonian society, ethnicity has long been a sensitive and tense topic. The young multi-ethnic society is still very much obsessed with ethnicity in many ways. Here, we will focus on the principles of contestation and defense of ethnic identity, which are still considered critical professional commitments of many Macedonia social sciences and humanities researchers. While different ethnic communities have experienced denials and contestations of their distinctiveness, we promote solidarity as a method instead of passionate expressions of researchers in their scientific argumentation for determining the "true ethnicity" of communities whose members disagree with popular scientific theses about how they should feel. We will illustrate this problem by analyzing the attitude of the Macedonian academic community and the general public towards the Torbeshi.
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References
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Eriksen, T. H. 2010. Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives. London: Pluto Press.
Kulavkova Katica, 2018, "Macedonians of Islamic Religion in the Context of Identity Theories," European Scientific Journal June 2018 edition Vol.14, No.17, (105-130).
Poulton Hugh, 2000, “The Muslim Experience in the Bakan States 1919-1991”, Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity Vol. 28, No. 1, (45-66).
Stanković Pejanović, Vesna, 2011, “’Sporan’ identitet Makedonije: Identitet razlichitosti. Etnoantropoloshki problemi n.s. god. 6, sv. 2. Beograd, (471-496).
Tillmann-Healy Lisa M., 2003, FRIENDSHIP AS METHOD, Qualitative Inquiry, Volume 9 Number 5, (729-749).
Vasilev George, 2015, Solidarity Across Divides, Promoting the Moral Point of View, Edinburgh University Press.
Vasilev George, 2019, “Methodological nationalism and the politics of history-writing: how imaginary scholarship perpetuates the nation," Nations and Nationalism 25 (2), (499–522).
Arsoska E., INTERVJU, AKADEMIK KATICA KJULAVKOVA: Makedonija Kje pochne da funkcionira kako aparthejd, a mozhebi i kako neoprotektorat, Vecher, 24.7.2022, dostapno na: https://www.vecer.press/intervju-akademik-katica-Kjulavkova-m/, posleden pat poseteno na 9.4.2024.
Ashtalkovska Gajtanoska Ana, 2021, Od etnocentrizam kon humanizam – dominantnite izrazi na makedonskata folkloristika, etnologija i antropologija niz istorijata, Skopje.
Vrazhinovski Tanas, 1983, „Kon tematikata na islamizacijata na Makedoncite odrazena vo predanijata“, Makedonski folklor XVI, 31, Skopje: IF, (45-49).
Dojchinovski S., 1992, „Funkcijata na dvizhenjeto za nacionalna prerodba na islamiziranite Makedonci vo sovremenite etnichki procesi na Makedonija“, Etnolog 2, Skopje: MED, (84, 85).
GJorgiev Dragi, 2017, „Islamizacijata vo Makedonija vo Osmaliskiot period“, Prilozi XLVII, Skopje: MANU, (73-89).
Jordanoski Aleksandar, Za muslimanskiot del od makedonskiot narod, Nova Makedonija, 20.4.2023, dostapno na: https://novamakedonija.com.mk/makedonija/politika/za-muslimanskiot-del-od-makedonskiot-narod/, posleden pat poseteno na 9.4.2024.
Konstantinov Milosh, 1993, „Pred faktite i bogovite molchat – za knigata na Nijazi Limanoski so naslov ‘Islamizacijata i etnichkite promeni vo Makedonija’, od Milosh Konstantinov – obid za utvrduvanje na vistinskiot identitet na Torbeshite“, Etnolog 3, Skopje: MED, (194-196).
Kostov Orce, A1, Vo Ustavot Kje vlezat 3500 Bugari no ne i 6017 Torbeshi: Reakcija na etnichkata zaednica koja ima i trojca pratenici, 30.5.2023, dostapno na: https://a1on.mk/macedonia/vo-ustavot-kje-vlezat-3-500-bugari-no-ne-i-6017-torbeshi-reakcija-na-etnichkata-zaednica-koja-ima-i-trojca-pratenici/, posleden pat poseteno na 9.4.2024.
Limanoski Nijazi, 1992, „Problemi vo etnichkiot identitet na islamiziranite Makedonci“, Etnolog br. 1, Skopje: MED, (45-57).
Limanoski Nijazi, 1983, „Tursko-orientalni elementi vo narodnata pesna kaj Makedoncite-muslimani vo SR Makedonija“, Makedonski folklor XVI, 31, Skopje: IF, (33-42).
Lubash Marchin, 2021, Raznoverci, megjureligiskiot sozhivot na selo vo zapadna Makedonija, Skopje: MSED.
Makedonska nacija, Makedoncite muslimani ne se torbeshi tuku samo Makedonci!, 23.2.2011, dostapno na https://mn.mk/iselenici-region/3653-Makedoncite-muslimani-ne-se-torbesi-tuku-samo-Makedonci; posleden pat poseteno na 9.4.2024.
Miloshevski Milosh, KJulavkova do bugarskiot PEN: Istorijata se povtoruva, i Makedoncite gi negiraat, zarem ne? Infomaks, 8.12.2021, dostapno na: https://arhiva.infomax.mk/wp/Kjulavkova-do-bugarskiot-pen-istorija/, posleden pat poseteno na 9.4.2024.
Palikrusheva Galaba, 2016, Islamizacijata na Torbeshite i formiranjeto na torbeshkata subgrupa, Skopje: IEA, PMF, UKIM.
Radio Slobodna Evropa, Torbeshite baraat zapishuvanje vo Ustavot, 11.1.2011, dostapno na: https://www.slobodnaevropa.mk/a/2273316.html, posleden pat poseteno na 9.4.2024.
Svetieva Aneta, 2009, „Za preselbite na balkanskite muslimani i za nashincite – Torbeshi, Pomaci i drugi (Turci) vo Turcija“, EtnoAntropoZum 6, Skopje: IEA, (38-68).
Kjulavkova Katica, Sloevitosta na makedonskiot identitet i integritetot na makedonskiot narod, Nova Makedonija, 31.3.2023, dostapno na: https://novamakedonija.com.mk/makedonija/politika/sloevitosta-na-makedonskiot-identitet-i-integritetot-na-makedonskiot-narod/, posleden pat poseteno na 9.4.2024.
Kjulavkova K., Akademik KJulavkova so “Potsetnik“ vo 8 tochki za modelite na bugarskata agresija kon Makedonija, Vesnik, 20.6.2022, dostapno na: https://vesnik.com/redirected/akademik-kjulavkova-so-potsetnik-vo-8-tochki-za-modelite-na-bugarskata-agresija-kon-makedonija-11e81e8d-1048-4ace-85be-f72a186aad03, posleden pat poseteno na 9.4.2024.
Dzhundeva Lepa, Reakcii na MANU za pregovorite so Bugarija i evrointegraciite, 24 Vesti, 8.10.2021, dostapno na: https://24.mk/details/reakcii-na-manu-za-pregovorite-so-bugarija-i-evrointegraciite, posleden pat poseteno na 9.4.2024.
Sharevski, Mario, Geografskata razmestenost i etnografskite odliki na Makedoncite muslimani vo Makedonija, 2015, dostapno na: https://www.academia.edu/17512111/GEOGRAFSKATA_RAZMESTENOST_I_ETNOGRAFSKITE_ ODLIKI_NA_MAKEDONCITE_MUSLIMANI_VO_MAKEDONIJA, posleden pat poseteno na 9.4.2024.
Bielenin-Lenczowska Karolina, 2009, “Visiting of Christian Holy Places by Muslims as a Strategy of Coping With Difference," Anthropological Notebooks 15 (3), Slovene Anthropological Society: (27-41).
Damjanovski Ivan, 2021, "OLD COMMUNITIES, NEW CONTROVERSIES: THE COMMUNITY OF MACEDONIAN SPEAKING MUSLIMS BETWEEN ETHNICITY AND RELIGION," Political Thought, Skopje: Konrad Adenauer Foundation, the Republic of North Macedonia Institute for Democracy "Societas Civilis," (23-44).
Eriksen, T. H. 2010. Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives. London: Pluto Press.
Kulavkova Katica, 2018, "Macedonians of Islamic Religion in the Context of Identity Theories," European Scientific Journal June 2018 edition Vol.14, No.17, (105-130).
Poulton Hugh, 2000, “The Muslim Experience in the Bakan States 1919-1991”, Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity Vol. 28, No. 1, (45-66).
Stanković Pejanović, Vesna, 2011, “’Sporan’ identitet Makedonije: Identitet razlichitosti. Etnoantropoloshki problemi n.s. god. 6, sv. 2. Beograd, (471-496).
Tillmann-Healy Lisa M., 2003, FRIENDSHIP AS METHOD, Qualitative Inquiry, Volume 9 Number 5, (729-749).
Vasilev George, 2015, Solidarity Across Divides, Promoting the Moral Point of View, Edinburgh University Press.
Vasilev George, 2019, “Methodological nationalism and the politics of history-writing: how imaginary scholarship perpetuates the nation," Nations and Nationalism 25 (2), (499–522).